C O N T E N T S

1. INTRODUCTION

2. THE ARCHTEC METHOD OF STRENGTHENING

3. VERIFICATION PROCESS

4. CONVENTIONAL ARCH STRENGTH ASSESSMENT METHODS

4.1 Overview
4.2 ARCHIE and ARCHIE-M
4.3 RING

5. ELFEN

5.1 Overview
5.2 Rockfield Software Limited
5.3 The Finite/Discrete Element Algorithm
5.4 Application to Arch Strength Assessment

6. FULL-SCALE ARCH TESTS

6.1 Objectives
6.2 TRL Laboratory Tests

6.2.1 Arrangement
6.2.2 Masonry
6.2.3 Fill

6.3 Bolton Laboratory Tests

6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Single 3m arch with two rings of brick
6.3.3 Single 5m arch with four rings of brick
6.3.4 3 x 3m multi-span arch bridge
6.3.5 Masonry
6.3.6 Fill
6.3.7 Tests not used for comparisons

6.4 TRRL Field Tests

6.4.1 General
6.4.2 Masonry
6.4.3 Fill

6.5 Archtec Strengthened Tests

6.5.1 General
6.5.2 Archtec Test 1
6.5.3 Archtec Test 2

7. UNSTRENGTHENED ARCHES - COMPARISON OF TEST AND PREDICTED RESULTS

7.1 General
7.2 TRL Unstrengthened Arches

7.2.1 Mortar Bonded Brick Rings
7.2.2 Separated Brick Rings

7.3 Bolton Arches

7.3.1 5m Single Span Brick Arches
7.3.2 3m Single Span Arches and Multi-span Brick Arches

7.4 TRRL Arches

7.4.1 9.5m Single Span Stone Arch

8. ARCHTEC STRENGTHENED ARCHES - COMPARISON OF TEST AND PREDICTED RESULTS

8.1 Archtec Test 1
8.2 Archtec Test 2

9. FAILURE BEHAVIOUR AND SERVICEABILITY

9.1 Failure Behaviour
9.2 Serviceability

10. CONCLUSIONS

11. REFERENCES

APPENDIX A TYPICAL CONVENTIONAL ARCH ANALYSIS RESULTS

APPENDIX B ELFEN RESULTS – UNSTRENGTHENED ARCHES

APPENDIX C ELFEN RESULTS – STRENGTHENED ARCHES