11. REFERENCES

1. Gifford and Partners. July 2002. Archtec – The application to Railtrack Bridges. Report number B1660A/V10/R01.
    
2. Wolfson Bridge Research Unit. 1991. Archie & multi: masonry arch assessment software.
    
3. Heyman, J. 1980. The estimation of the strength of masonry arches. Proceedings of the Institute of Civil Engineers, 69, 921-
    
4. The Highways Agency. 1997. Design Manual for Roads and Bridges, BA 16/97 The Assessment of highway bridges and structures.
    
5. The Highways Agency. 2001. Design Manual for Roads and Bridges, BD 21/01 The Assessment of highway bridges and structures.
    
6. Obvis Ltd. 1999. Archie-m: masonry arch assessment software.
    
7. Gilbert M. 2001. RING: User Guide. University of Sheffield.
    
8. Cundall, P.A. 1971. A computer model for simulating progressive, large scale movement in blocky systems. Proceedings: Symp. ISRM, Nancy, France, Vol. 2, 129-136.
    
9. Munjiza A., Owen, D.R.J., Bicanic, N. 1995. A combined finite/discrete element method in transient dynamics of fracturing solids. Engineering computations, 12, 145-174.
    
10. Rockfield Software Limited. 1997-2003. ELFEN version 3.0.4 (Elfendyn v3.3.24) Archtec version. University of Wales Swansea.
     
11. S K Sumon. 1997. Repair and strengthening of a damaged arch with built-in ring separation. 7th International conference on structural faults and repair, Edinburgh.
     
12. Sumon S K and Ricketts N. 1995. Repair and strengthening of masonry arch bridges. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Arch Bridges, Bolton. Pages 501-508
     
13. Melbourne C and Gilbert M. 1995. The behaviour of multi-ring brickwork arch bridges. The Structural Engineer / Volume 73 / No 3.
     
14. Gilbert M and Melbourne C. 1995. Analysis of multi-ring brickwork arch bridges. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Arch Bridges, Bolton. Pages 225-238
     
15. Melbourne C, Gilbert M and Wagstaff M. 1995. The behaviour of Multi-span Masonry arch bridges. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Arch Bridges, Bolton. Pages 489-497
     
16. Melbourne C and Wagstaff M. 1993. Load tests to collapse of three large-scale multispan brickwork arch bridges. Bridge Management 2 – inspection, maintenance, assessment and repair.
     
17. British Standards Institution. 2002. BS 5628-1:1992, Code of practice for use of masonry, Part 1: Structural use of unreinforced masonry.
     
18. Page J. 1989. Load tests to collapse on two arch bridges at Stathmashie and Barlae. Transport and Road Research Laboratory, Research Report 201.
     
19. Page J. 1993. State-of-the-art-review: Masonry Arch Bridges. Transport Research Laboratory.
     
20. Sumon, S.K. 1998. Load test to failure on a ring-separated arch repaired using Cintec Anchor Systems. Transport Research Laboratory, Unpublished project report PR/CE/61/98.
     
21. Sexton, A and Crabb, G.I. 2001. Loading to failure of an Archtec strengthened brick arch using Cintec Multi-bar anchors. Transport Research Laboratory, Unpublished report PR/IS/59/01.
     
22. Choo, B.S. and Hogg, V. 1995. Determination of the serviceability limit state for masonry arch bridges. Arch Bridges, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Arch bridges, Bolton. Pages 529-536.
     
23. Clark, G. 1994. Bridge analysis, testing and cost causation project, serviceability of brick masonry. British Rail Report No. LR-CES-151.