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Seismic Research & Development
In order to provide the comprehensive service provided by Cintec, advanced computer modelling techniques have been developed to simulate masonry structures with and without strengthening.
The Software
Simulating discontinuous structures such as masonry through the use of continuum based numerical models was not considered sufficient to provide the required level of accuracy and generally did not provide a practical
method of analysis for masonry. Such techniques fail to accurately predict the dynamic mechanisms involved when initially isolated parts react together. Because of these inherent drawbacks Cintec has employed a discrete element technique.
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A modelled unreinforced structure during seismic loading. Various combinations of anchor patterns are tested to establish their optimum locations. |
The discrete element software in action
Working closely with consulting engineers, Cintec utilises an advanced dynamic version of the ELFEN software programme. This has been adapted to represent differing masonry properties. These range from Macro blocks
with essentially no strength within to the joints - (commonly found in historical structures), Brittle Material; (where blocks and joints have predominantly similar strengths as is often the case for modern forms construction) and Brittle
Macro Blocks which uses the macro block approach but with brittle materials to permit block representation to fracture into further parts.
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| Cintec reinforcing anchors are represented explicitly in the modelled masonry. They are designed not to be deliberately stressed, but to attract load during a seismic event. |
| The modelled anchors permit recovery of bond stresses, axial stresses and slippage along the length of the anchor at any time during loading. Various strengthening arrangements are
simulated to achieve the optimum strength and ductility for an individual building. These can be in horizontal, vertical and diagonal arrangements as well as in combined patterns.
Backed by this research, Cintec can offer a rapid evaluation of structures and provide the level of strengthening most appropriate for each building.
A typical model arrangement for an idealised building.
Computer animations using the discrete element technique visualise potential stresses incurred during seismic loading . |
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